We love opensource so that is why we choose the best opensource project for home automation that bring alot of iot and protocols in a virtual bus where sky is the limit to what you can do.
We also love KNX foundation. This is a specification for devices that talk the same language and its fully documented and available.
Another favorite is DALI foundation. This is a specification for lights started by Philips that talk the same language and its fully documented and available.
https://www.dali-alliance.org/
And last but not least an old but still widely used MODBUS. This is a specification based on rs-485 serial done by MODICON now Schneider used in all kind of devices from PLC to pool controller.